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ICSA-25-191-10: End-of-Train and Head-of-Train Remote Linking Protocol (Update C) ↗ source

July 10, 2025 CISA ICS Advisory

Summary

Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow an attacker to send their own brake control commands to the end-of-train device, causing a sudden stoppage of the train which may lead to a disruption of operations, or induce brake failure. CVE-2025-1727: The protocol used for remote linking over RF for End-of-Train and Head-of-Train (also known as a FRED) relies on a BCH checksum for packet creation. It is possible to create these EoT and HoT packets with a software defined radio and issue brake control commands to the EoT device, disrupting operations or potentially overwhelming the brake systems.

Advisory Details CISA ICS CSAF feed

Advisory ID
ICSA-25-191-10
Status
Final · version 4
Initial release
2025-07-10
Last revised
2025-09-18 (4 revisions)
Vendor
Association of American Railroads (AAR); Wabtec; Siemens; DPS Electronics
Critical infrastructure sectors
Transportation Systems
Deployed
United States
Vendor headquarters
United States

No known public exploitation specifically targeting this vulnerability has been reported to CISA at this time. This vulnerability is not exploitable remotely.

Credit: Neil Smith, Eric Reuter

Affected products (11)
  • End-of-Train and Head-of-Train remote linking protocol — all versions
  • TrainLink NG End of Train (NGEOT) — all versions
  • TrainLink NG3 ATX End of Train (NG3 EOT) — all versions
  • TrainLink NG4 ATX End of Train (NG4 EOT) — all versions
  • TrainLink NG5 ATX End of Train (NG5 EOT) — all versions
  • Trainguard HOT — all versions
  • Trainguard EOT — all versions
  • DPS 2020-He-LD — all versions
  • DPS 2020-He — all versions
  • DPS 3030-CM-MAG — all versions
  • DPS 3030-I-MAG HTD — all versions
Revision history (4)
  • 2025-09-18 — v4: Update C- Expanded affected device list with Siemens and DPS Electronics products
  • 2025-09-04 — v3: Update B- Added affected device list and cybersecurity page for Wabtec products, added DPS Electronics as an affected vendor
  • 2025-08-12 — v2: Update A- Removed Hitachi from list of affected vendors, adjusted formatting
  • 2025-07-10 — v1: Initial Publication

From CISA's machine-readable CSAF 2.0 advisory (JSON).

Vulnerabilities as Stated by the Advisory

CVEWeaknessCVSS v3Details
CVE-2025-1727 CWE-1390 Weak Authentication 8.1 High The protocol used for remote linking over RF for End-of-Train and Head-of-Train (also known as a FRED) relies on a BCH checksum for packet creation. It is possible to create these EoT and HoT packets with a software defined radio and issue brake control commands to the EoT device, disrupting operations or potentially overwhelming the brake systems.

Mitigation: The Association of American Railroads (AAR) is pursuing new equipment and protocols which should replace traditional End-of-Train and Head-of-Train devices. The standards committees involved in these updates are aware of the vulnerability and are investigatin…

Mitigation: The AAR Railroad Electronics Standards Committee (RESC) maintains this protocol which is used by multiple manufacturers across the industry.

Mitigation: Known affected vendors are:

Affected, fixed & timeline

Affected:

  • End-of-Train and Head-of-Train remote linking protocol all versions

Mitigation: Wabtec

Mitigation: Siemens

Mitigation: DPS Electronics

Mitigation: Users of EoT/HoT devices are recommended to contact their own device manufacturers with questions.

Mitigation: Wabtec directs users to visit their cybersecurity page for additional information.

Mitigation: Siemens advises users of Trainguard devices to reference the associated security bulletin.

Scores and weakness types are as CISA or the republishing vendor stated them in this advisory; the linked CVE pages carry the independently enriched CVSS and SSVC assessments.

News Coverage

No coverage found in monitored research blogs or news feeds.

CVEs Referenced in This Publication

CVECVSSAffected
CVE-2025-1727 8.1 High End-of-Train and Head-of-Train remote linking protocol End-of-Train and Head-of-Train remote linking protocol The protocol used for remote linking over RF for End-of-Train and Head-of-Train (also known as a FRED) relies on a BCH checksum for packet creation…

Named by the advisory itself. Each CVE links to its tracked detail page.

Vendors Named in This Publication

Each vendor links to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog page. Only vendors that appear in the KEV catalog are listed, either because the publication cites one of their KEV entries or because it names them directly.